Montana’s Fight Over Single-Use Plastic Bans: A Case with National Implications

Efforts to regulate single-use plastic packaging are gaining momentum nationwide, but Montana stands out as a battleground for this contentious issue. The “Big Sky Country” state has become a microcosm of the larger debate over who should have the power to regulate plastic packaging — state governments or local communities.

State-Level Pushback: A Ban on Bans

With legal battles, citizen initiatives and legislative roadblocks, the cases and situation in Montana could set a precedent for how other states — and even the nation — approach single-use plastics.

• House Bill 407 (2021): Montana’s legislature passed HB 407 in 2021, a “ban of a ban” that prohibited local governments and citizens from regulating single-use plastics. This law effectively blocked municipalities from implementing bans on items like plastic bags and polystyrene (PS) foam containers.

• Legal Challenge and District Court Victory (2024): Environmental groups, led by the Cottonwood Environmental Law Center, challenged the constitutionality of HB 407. In March 2024, a Helena district court ruled that the law’s “ban of a ban” on citizen initiatives was unconstitutional, restoring local communities' ability to propose and vote on plastics regulations.

Local Action in Bozeman: A Short-Lived Win

• Bozeman’s Plastics Ban Initiative: Following the district court ruling, Bozeman residents took action, introducing a ballot initiative to ban single-use plastic bags and PS foam containers. The initiative passed with nearly two-thirds of the vote in November 2024, and the ordinance was set to take effect in May 2025.

• Montana Supreme Court Overturns Local Authority: In December 2024, the Montana Supreme Court reversed the district court’s decision, reinstating the state-level “ban of a ban” on local plastics regulation. This ruling nullified Bozeman’s voter-approved ordinance, halting its implementation.

Recent Developments: The Fight Continues

• House Bill 160 Fails: In January 2025, Rep. Ed Stafman introduced HB 160, which aimed to repeal HB 407 and restore municipalities’ rights to regulate single-use plastics. Despite support from Bozeman residents and officials, HB 160 failed in a 10-7 vote by the Montana House Local Government Committee.

• Upcoming Court Challenge: Another legal challenge to HB 407 — the “ban of a ban” — is set for a February 2025 hearing in Lewis and Clark County District Court. This case argues that the 2021 law violates citizens' constitutional right to a clean and healthful environment.

Why Montana’s Case Matters

Montana’s ongoing battle over single-use plastics regulation highlights a larger, nationwide debate: Should local communities have the power to address environmental concerns, or should states enforce uniform policies?

The legal and legislative developments in Montana could influence how other states approach the regulation of single-use plastics, especially as more communities push for local action to combat environmental and public health challenges. With the potential for ripple effects across the country, Montana’s case is one to watch closely.

Legislation Monitor from Industry Intelligence Inc

Staying on top of an ever-shifting legislative landscape can feel impossible, with new regulations popping up faster than you can react. Industry Intelligence's Legislation Monitor turns the chaos into clarity, offering real-time updates, expert insights and customizable alerts to help business professionals stay ahead of every move. With this tool, you’ll stop reacting and start strategizing.

Click here to learn more about Legislation Monitor and begin an interactive demo.